what is Macular Degeneration?
Your eyes are made up of many small components that make sight possible, one of which is the macula. What and where is the macula? And what is macular degeneration? Let’s explore further.
Understanding Macular Degeneration
You might have heard of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Macular Degeneration significantly impacts our older communities in Australia and across the world.
Macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of vision loss in individuals over 50 in developed countries. The condition progressively damages the macula, the central part of the retina, resulting in significant vision impairment.
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Types of Macular Degeneration
There are two main types of macular degeneration:
- Dry AMD
- Wet AMD
Dry AMD is the most common form and accounts for about 85-90% of cases. It progresses slowly over time and is characterised by the accumulation of drusen, yellow deposits beneath the retina.
Wet AMD, whilst less common, is considered more severe. Wet AMD occurs as abnormal blood vessels develop under the macula, leaking fluid and causing rapid and severe vision loss if left untreated.
common Symptoms
Evidence of macular degeneration varies. Common symptoms, depending on the type and stage of the disease, include:
- Blurred or distorted central vision;
- Difficulty reading or recognising faces;
- Total loss of central vision presenting as a blanket of darkness or lack of visibility.
Some people may also experience changes in colour perception or increased sensitivity to glare.
Risk Factors for Macular Degeneration
Several factors may increase your risk of developing macular degeneration, including:
- Age
- Family history
- High blood pressure
- Prolonged exposure to sunlight
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Genetically, individuals with light-coloured eyes may also be at higher risk.
Diagnosing AMD
Early detection and diagnosis of macular degeneration are crucial for managing the disease and preserving vision. Optometrists or ophthalmologists typically diagnose AMD through a comprehensive eye examination, including visual acuity tests, dilated eye exams, and imaging tests such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography.
Throughout your routine eye test, your vision quality and eye health are assessed for indications of deteriorated vision quality. You can book a bulk billed eye test easily with Optical Superstore!
TREATING Macular Degeneration
Unfortunately, there is no current cure for macular degeneration. However, treatment options are available to help slow the progression of the disease and manage symptoms. Options may include making lifestyle changes including switching to a healthy diet rich in antioxidants and taking nutritional supplements, as well as medical treatments such as anti-VEGF injections (for wet AMD).
We recommend contacting your primary healthcare provider or your local optometrist to start the conversation on treatment.
If left untreated, macular degeneration significantly impacts vision and quality of life. However, with early detection, appropriate treatment, and lifestyle modifications, many people with AMD continue to lead active and fulfilling lives.
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